It is the study of the humanities important?

John Milton in his epic poem Paradise Lost, has as theme the creation of the angels, man, mankind fell from grace and subsequent redemption of mankind through Jesus Christ. Milton tried to open his verses "to justify the ways of God to the people." This poem, written during the seven years between 1658 ? 1665, tries, the essence of evil in the world, man's place in the cosmology of God, angels and demons, and to explain the nature of the trinity and the crucifixion of Jesus explained 'and resurrection. Of course, the task of Milton is huge, but it failed to achieve its goals in a remarkable manner, producing the finest poem in the English language in the process.

What can we say of Milton aim to "justify the ways of God to the people?" I think that this feeling, the understanding of man's position in the cosmos, is central to the study of humanities. From what it stands for safety, to be human, the theme of man's position in the understandingCosmos is not unique to Milton, is in fact the center of each piece of great Western literature ever written. Since the early beginnings in myth, literature addressed the relationship between man and his environment.

But the biggest question remains: What is the purpose of a study of the humanities Why do people in the humanities 21st Century to study?

In pursuit of literature and to a limited extent, of Western art, from the Greeks toToday we see several themes emerge.

1st The man is worried about his relationship with God and other spiritual beings.
2nd The man is worried about his place in the cosmos, as it agrees with the things known scientific or empirical.
3rd The man is about his relationship with other men, why and how it fits with his colleagues worried.

And 'from the humanities, that humans begin to answer these questions. Note the wording of the statement: we are lookingto answer a question, definitive answers can not be found.

But want to say what the businessman, the man replies, "do the shopping," the man who has dedicated his life for the man to whom literature is a waste of time? How can we justify, "the ways of God to the people?"

The answer to this question is not easy, nor simple, but perhaps we can define what is understood today to begin by training and providing a brief history of technical education, as opposed to aliberal education. According to the latest census conducted in the United States in 2000 and updated in 2002, 84% of adults over 25 years, graduated from high school. According to the same census data, 27% of adults over 25 years, get a degree. About 9% of the population has a bachelor's degree or higher. Closely related to the attainment of a bachelor's degree or higher is connected to the hope of winning more. Averagea mature person should earn $ 1.2 million over the course of his life, people who earn a bachelor's degree $ 2.1 million over the course of their lives to earn, while expecting the holder of a doctoral degree, we get to 3, $ 4,000. 000 over the entire life span. Lawyers, doctors and dentists are expected to earn $ 4,400,000 during their lifetime. (1)

The relationship between education level and ability is the reward is, of course not new. But the increasing emphasis on"Practical" or applied learning, which has accelerated in the last 30-40 years, is actually very different from the curriculum, which had been practiced since the birth of humanism in the document mentioned. The increase in technical or learning can be applied directly to the growth of modern society, and the demand for qualified persons as employees and managers linked to trade within the company.

The provision of a range of features geared to vocational trainingAspects of life, the necessary expertise (such as "labor"), has led to a mentality that knowledge should be to a certain set of skills, the pragmatic and quantifiable, are directed out that the development of other skills somewhat superfluous.

The emphasis on "measurable" is a term that management is a science and not an "art" out. The definition of management science is similar to the social sciences, a science, the "soft" asConflict with one of the "harder" sciences like physics or chemistry. A number of management theories have been proposed which attempt to determine the "science" behind the tasks of running a business.

The relatively new degree of MBA (Master of Business Administration) has been developed to deliver the first half of the twentieth century into a formal program for new managers in the "science" of management train. The typical MBA curriculum of the university is composed of a corequantitative set of classes, a series of case studies of actual work experience and study in the areas of marketing, human resources, finance, operations and logistics. These classes are all geared towards providing a range of skills in a general economic context and according to the school are more or less quantitative.

The result of this training is that we generate more and more MBA graduates in recent years, with the averageSalaries of these graduates increased. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 116 475 graduates with an MBA in 2000 and 2001. (2)

In his book, The Leader brings, industrial psychologist Michael Macoby, home to the point that today's educational system working, but as the humanities, says:
Educational institutions to justify the first curriculum in terms of preparation for a successful career people and only secondarily for life outside of work. The workplace canbetter not change for workers with better education, but education just because they adaptable to what is at work. (3)

While we are producing a growing number of MBA graduates, it seems to be a growing gap between the knowledge imparted by these programs, and guidance issued by the graduates of these programs. Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, a leader in her book make the case that there is a gap between the MBA programs and graduatesbring modern business world.
. . . Education Management is primarily, if not exclusively based on the mechanistic pseudo-rational "theories" of management and produced 60,000 new MBAs each year. The gap between the reality of management education and leadership in the workplace is disturbing, to say the least, and probably explains why the public seems to be a distorted (and negative) image of the American economy to maintain life.

But the image problem, although serious, is not the main thingProblem. The main problem is that what is management education is very good, good people / women leaders to acquire the train the technical skills to solve problems graduates. They are problem solvers, highly qualified and experienced staff. Problem solving, while not a trivial exercise is a far cry from the creative process and profoundly human need for leadership. What we need is management training but leadership training. (4)

Thomas Teal, Senior EditorHarvard Business Review makes an argument more convincing in his article "The Human Side of Management" and the human side of running a business, is the side with people offers which are often given little attention in our educational institutions, and within most companies itself. Teal said that the management requires more than just technical competence, requires empathy and imagination.
Management requires a great imagination. If a company is the vision and strategyto differentiate their offerings and gain a competitive advantage, it must be an original. Original must mean non-conventional means and often counterintuitive. In addition, it takes ingenuity and spirit of reason, various people and elements into a unified whole, but quite original. There is also a name for this ability. It's called fantasy esemplastic, and although it is generally attributed to poets. . . (5)

Teal its leadership in the evaluation ofCompany:
Another great feature of the manager's integrity. All managers think that they behave with integrity, but in practice, many problems with the concept. Some think that the integrity is the same as secrecy or blind loyalty. Others seem to believe means consistency, poor in one thing. Some confuse it with some discretion and with the other qualities ? honesty ? or simply do not lie. What does integrity management is ambitious anddifficult. It means being responsible, of course, but it also means communicating clearly and consistently, as his honest broker, keeping promises, to know oneself and to avoid ulterior motives of other people hanging out to dry. Is very close to what we used to the glory that is not part of the call to lie to yourself. (6)

Teal finally speaks the types of managers, the people enjoy in the workplace:
The name of the manager are the people with admirationalways the ones who delegate their powers, they feel powerful and capable subordinates, and take a lot of creativity and a sense of responsibility that will forever change their behavior. (7)

Surely, the thinking goes, even if the business school trains managers to be technically good, if it needs unmet, the companies will act to correct them. The company recognized that education is necessary, try to provide qualityTraining in their own interest. Unfortunately, this is often not the case, or where businesses recognize the need for better education, the proposed methods is often not what is needed.

Consider the article by Bernard Avishai, associate editor of the Harvard Business Review, "What is the social compact Business," evaluates the agreement between the company and its managers and concludes that the education system must be reformed, and that the activity must take the leadin this endeavor, as a form of "enlightened self-interest." His remedy for this situation is the model of training on the principles of society and the development of quality circles in the fields of education, a Six Sigma approach, if you want. Educators develop
. . . A new set of incentives and accountability measures, the real opportunities for the employees of the school, whose students can make real progress. (8)

At the same time, schools offer
. . . A new language of the declaration for the city schoolCards (thus, for example, students "customers" are students in the absence of "defects"). (9)

Later in the same article, Mr. Avishai postulated that schools should "discipline of competition" (10), presumably to teach the schools operate more like businesses.

In summary, the idea of ??"man of action," the study of management science is the basis for setting educational standards for the modern, produces serious and talented students of the MBAAnd graduates should be called to curricula for school and after college to be set.

In fact, this practice has continued at a steady pace over the past 30 years. So how should we assess the results that the canon is the "man of action?" In the past ten years we have witnessed the largest financial fraud ever in history as World Com, Adelphi Communications, Enron, Global Crossing, Tyco and industries that are perpetrated by all prominent business school graduates out. InFailed, however, closed his people, who were accused of leading companies to take real leadership, and people who worked for them a blind eye to the problems that have plagued the company.

How might these scandals happen, where was the oversight that has been developed to prevent the occurrence of fraud? In her book, The Smartest Guys in the Room, The Rise and Fall of Enron Scandalous astonishingly, Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind point to a culture that was filled with MBAwere so large that no environmental strategy involved concentrating on the daily operations. Also set up the compensation that encourages excessive results, and then no set-up reporting systems to ensure adequate monitoring of the results. Finally, the culture of Enron was one of the "bigger is better" and exaggeration, which began at the highest levels in the company, and worked up to all levels of society. (11) If the results were suspected fraudulent, have the people not to act to correctthem, because fraud was endemic, have the right to abuse the death of the "golden goose" out.

This image of an excess of corporate greed and selfishness is not unique to Enron, in fact, has been repeatedly mentioned in varying degrees for all organizations. So how can we say that the practice works of "management science" and that the company should be entrusted to set the curriculum?

In response to this question, we have returned to the opening of this premisePaper is interested in studying the humanities? Or to the point of the study or the humanities relevant in an age in which the most important driver of social change is the modern society? For both questions the answer is emphatically ? YES!

We can not ignore, that is, for better or worse, the company as a construction organization to stay here. A company is the most effective way to organize large groups of people at a single target, and large sums to increaseCapital is needed to secure financial resources to achieve these goals. But a society is a construct, not a person, and people are needed to achieve the objectives for the curriculum and teaching methods to establish excellence. The companies will be guided by "enlightened self-interest:" people are sometimes driven by altruism, charity and compassion, all of which establish an effective educational standards.

It is time to stop churning out hundreds of thousands of tech-savvy "doer" and insteadFocus on a number of programs to teach people to think and to do then. The ancients, and teaches them the future statesmen recruited the best minds to find them, could be trusted to develop their young. Philip of Macedonia, in the search for a teacher to his son, Alexander, recruited the best minds of his time, Aristotle. Alexander did learn to perform dead numbers, accounting for tax and statistical analysis? No, he learned what it means to be a man of means ? Aristotle taughtthe character. (Not sure if all of his conquests has applied these principles, but Plutarch mentions in his Life of Alexander is a noble man, the just and merciful to those he conquered). Marcus was also a teacher 'Epictetus and the Stoics Erasmus taught the son of James IV of Scotland, and the sons of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the UK.

We need to take a lesson from the ancients, it is important to the teaching of our brightest young trustMinds of our time. Of course, today's entrepreneurs made the wealth and power than the known in antiquity, but we do teach "character" and not how to develop the character. The character development is the most important feature of a liberal education to the middle of the twentieth century, when we had to turn back and began to emphasize the technical aspects of teaching at the expense of liberal arts.

Let us once again to Michael Macoby, and his workLeaders to understand their approaches on the educational needs of a leader.
What is most lacking in the training of leaders in our culture education in the humanities, especially in clear writing and speaking, but also in religion, philosophy, ethics, psychology and history is deep.

The best managers are well into the modern science and technology and the law, perhaps, and trained ahistorical social sciences such as economics. But they know little, "the story and the lack of meaningwhat it means for human development over time. They do not see that history is not an unbroken line of progress, but includes the liberal model of social organization, which appear and disappear, and they need to be discovered anew. You are aware that irrational rules and institutions were likely to be the rational solutions to a problem that no longer exists. You do not understand the modern scientific method does not spring full-grown in the eighteenth century, the mind, but rooted in the values ??of truthand independent research have been defended by heroic individuals. The science could not, without the courage of men like Galileo, Benjamin Franklin progress. To maintain and develop the scientific tradition, we must develop our human values, to fight against superstition, fear and mistrust that the uncertainty in the dark mushroom. (12)

The lack of proper training company, as currently structured is that it teaches a small group of Competencewithout a context in which to use these new talents. One is a series of statistical techniques, and something to be able to teach using these techniques in a real environment.
Turning again Macoby we read that businessmen often lack the understanding involved in the problems of working people, because you have taught them to understand the issues in a broader context.
Elsa Porter and Pher Gyllenhammar (in their book, People at Work), to underline their view thatLeadership training should teach the ethical and humanistic traditions of religion, philosophy and literature. Stan Lundin (Mayor of Jamestown, NY 1969-1976, and three time Democratic congressman from New York) noted that in the new factories, managers are able to solve new problems to overcome, because they are not prepared in the Humanities be trained. Once you give up manual control articulate their understanding of people and the ability, the principles of moral behaviorthey do not. Says

The problem is not lack of modern psychological insight, but the lack of deep meaning in the humanities and the struggle for human values ??in changing times to realize. We have engineers, technicians, but that does not really understand people. The questions scientific deeper, you can not trust science to solve problems. These are ethical questions. We went beyond the simple scientific solution for everything. "

. . . The study of the Bible,Comparative religion, philosophy, ethics and psychology, and leads to irrational great literature to explore the inner life, especially the struggle for the development of the human heart against ignorance, conference, injustice, disappointment, betrayal and passion. This training prepares his fear, envy, pride and self-deception face. This raises questions about the nature of human destructiveness and the legitimate use of force. Without them, a future leader tends to be confusinghis character with human nature, courage, courage, integrity, worldly success, the thrill of winning with happiness. (73)

Perhaps, then we came into the nature of why a study of the humanities is just as valid today: it provides a mirror of the soul, a touchstone for the man's place in the world to understand and society in general. Pass it provides a framework for the seemingly unrelated events every day, gives us the comfort that we are not alone when he askeddifficult to take action or request-for. It allows us to relate to other people, even if we are forced by circumstances to perform actions that can be uncomfortable both parties. The study of the humanities provides us with a historical perspective that is lacking in numbers simply armed, and analyzing trends.

The study of the humanities are in a position, the feeling of isolation, unreality, and dis-connection, it seems Wall in our society to counteract. You canCounter feelings of hopelessness and despair that have infiltrated our lives in the twentieth and 21st Century. It can serve as a bridge to the great minds who have gone before us, so you can play a Shakespeare or open a novel by Dickens, and understand their time and their concerns and gather information about how to similar problems responding. We are in a position with the great men and women to speak from the past, and allow us, our concerns and needs that are real and setannoying, in the context of the broader historical context, and take some small comfort from the fact that so far we are not really alone, after all. Finally, the study of the humanities enables us to understand "the ways of God," in dealing with our fellow human beings.

(1) Roberts, Sam, that we are now, (Henry Holt & Company, 2004) p. 199-201
(2) CMBA website http://www.certifiedmba.com
(3) Macoby, Michael, the leader, (Simon and Schuster, 1981), p. 17
(4) Bennis,Leader Warren and Nanus, Burt (Harper & Row, 1985), p. 219-220.
(5) Teal, Thomas, "The Human Side of Management," Harvard Business Review, November / December 1996, p. 37
(6) Ibid, p. 37
(7) Ibid, p. 39
(8) Avishai, Bernard: "What is Business Social Compact?" Harvard Business Review, January / February 1994 46th
(9) Ibid, p. 46
(10) Ibid, p. 47
(11) McLean, Bethany and Elkind, Peter, the smartest guys in the room, amazing rise and fall ScandalousEnron (Portfolio, 2004).
(12) Macoby Michael, the leader, (Simon and Schuster, 1981), p 231st
(13) Ibid, p. 231-232.

Source: http://entertainment-humanities.chailit.com/it-is-the-study-of-the-humanities-important.html

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