'Ten killed' as new quake hits Italy

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Covering Capital Punishment: Murder Trials and the Media in Japan

Covering Capital Punishment: Murder Trials and the Media in Japan

David T. Johnson

There are two ways in which the spirit of a culture may be shriveled. In the first?the Orwellian?culture becomes a prison. In the second?the Huxleyan?culture become a burlesque?Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us. Huxley feared the truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance.

Neil Postman (1985)

Philip Brasor?s fine article on Japan?s lay judge system and the capital trial of Ms. Kijima Kanae contends that the application of the death penalty in Japan is arbitrary?and it is.¹ Of the last 6 Ministers of Justice who served while the Liberal Democratic Party was in power, 5 authorized executions and 1 did not. Of the 6 Ministers of Justice who have served since the Democratic Party of Japan took power in August 2009, 2 authorized executions and 4 did not. In total, therefore, 7 of the last 12 persons to serve as Minister of Justice gave orders to hang and 5 did not. This is not the arbitrariness of a coin flip; it is the capriciousness that comes from a system that makes the occurrence of executions depend on the ideology of individual Ministers and (to some extent) the values of his or her party. If a Minister of Justice opposes capital punishment or does not want to participate in state killing, he or she can prevent executions simply by not signing execution warrants. A few years ago Minister of Justice Hatoyama Kunio of the LDP (who authorized 13 hangings while serving as Minister for less than a year in 2007-08) suggested that the execution process should be made more automatic by abolishing the Minister?s discretion to make these life and death decisions. The execution process should be like a ?conveyor belt?, he said, and the Minister should not be allowed to turn the switch off.² Few people found his proposal palatable, and to Hatoyama?s dismay, the Asahi newspaper even published a satirical poem on the front page of its evening edition on June 20, 2008:

Hatoyama Kunio

Justice Minister Hatoyama, the permanent executioner

Proud of his responsibility, he has achieved a new record by giving the go-ahead every two months

Also known as the Grim Reaper (shinigami)

One silver lining in Japan?s dark cloud of capital punishment is that the pace of executions has declined under the DPJ. The first 6 DPJ Ministers have ordered the hanging of 5 persons in 33 months?about 1 execution every 200 days. By contrast, the last 6 LDP Ministers ordered the hanging of 36 persons in 60 months, for an average of 1 execution every 50 days.³ In this comparison, LDP Ministers execute four times more frequently than their DPJ counterparts. This pattern is consistent with death penalty trends in other nations. When government control changes from a right-of-center party to the left-of-center, the death penalty often declines or disappears.⁴

So, the execution outputs of Japan?s death penalty system remain arbitrary but have declined under the DPJ. What about death sentence inputs?

Here, too, the news is mixed. Criminal trials in Japan?s lay judge system started in August 2009, around the same time the DPJ took power. As of April 2012, there have been 17 trials in which prosecutors sought a sentence of death (shikei kyukei), and lay judge panels have delivered the ultimate penalty 14 times (there were 2 life sentences and 1 acquittal). The data are thin and the lay judge system is still fairly new, but this rate of 82 percent is higher than the death sentence rate of two-thirds or so that prevailed before the new system took effect, when murder trials were adjudicated by panels of three professional judges. On the other hand, a Supreme Court study of how criminal sentencing has changed under the lay judge system during its first three years of operation found that the percentage of murder trials ending in a death sentence has remained roughly the same?about one percent?as under the old system in which accused killers were adjudicated and sentenced by professional judges only.⁵

When prosecutors seek a sentence of death in America, juries impose it about half the time in trials at the state level and about one-third of the time in federal trials.⁶ And in the years before the U.S. Supreme Court declared capital punishment unconstitutional in the Furman case of 1972, only one in a dozen juries returned a sentence of death.⁷ In that same case, Justice Potter Stewart observed that American death sentencing is ?cruel and unusual in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual.?⁸ Other retentionist countries confront a similar dilemma, because efforts to ensure that the death penalty is reserved for only the ?worst of the worst? and the ?rarest of the rare? often reduces the volume of death sentences and executions at the cost of creating greater capriciousness in the capital process.

The Lay Judge System Illustrated

There are at least three ways to interpret the willingness of Japanese lay judges to impose a sentence of death. First, and contrary to what many people predicted before the lay judge system started, Japanese citizens might feel few scruples about sentencing defendants to death. Thurgood Marshall, another former Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, believed that the more you know about capital punishment, the less you will like it. The ?Marshall Hypothesis? assumes that support for capital punishment stems from ignorance and that attitudes toward the institution are responsive to efforts at reasoned persuasion. This hypothesis has been investigated by many scholars in the American context, with mixed results.⁹ The evidence from Japan so far seems to suggest that learning more about the death penalty during a capital trial does not make many citizens reluctant to employ it, though this hunch must come with significant qualifications, because lay judges in Japan are not permitted to talk about how they voted or what was said during deliberations?making it impossible to know what they experienced during trial¹⁰?and because a death sentence can be imposed by a bare majority vote of 5 to 4 (capital sentences in America can be imposed only if all members of the jury agree).¹¹

A second explanation concerns prosecutors in Japan, who may have become more cautious about seeking a sentence of death since the new trial system started. More research is needed, but my own interviews with prosecutors and defense lawyers suggest that this might be the case, and there is evidence that prosecutors have become more cautious about charging decisions generally since the advent of the new system.¹²

The third possibility is that victims and survivors of crime are pushing capital adjudicators in Japan to impose the death penalty more often than in the past. Since 2000, Japan?s Code of Criminal Procedure has been revised twice in order to introduce two forms of victim participation: the Victim?s Statement of Opinion (VSO), and the Victim Participation System.¹³ Among other things, these reforms give victims and survivors much more voice in criminal trials than they previously possessed (in the three capital trials that I observed in Tokyo and Chiba, the effect felt powerful). This hypothesis also needs to be researched, but my own view is that some combination of these three reasons?citizens? attitudes, prosecutors? charging policies, and victims? demands for harsh punishment?helps to explain why lay judge panels in Japan seem so willing to impose a sentence of death when prosecutors and victims ask for one.¹⁴

Brasor suggests that the media?s depiction of Kanae Kijima as an ugly ?black widow? may have infected the lay judges at her trial with bias and prejudice. Perhaps, but it is worth noting that professional judges are hardly immune to media effects and public opinion.

Illustration of Japanese execution room

In my view, the most striking thing about the media coverage of Kanae?s trial is how much more of it there was than there was for another long capital trial that occurred a few months earlier. In the latter, Takami Sunao was convicted of killing 5 persons and injuring 10 by setting fire to a pachinko parlor in Osaka in July 2009. Takami was sentenced to death on October 31, 2011, but his trial was epoch-making in that his tribunal had to consider the claim that capital punishment is unconstitutionally cruel because hanging often results in either decapitation or the prolonged suffering of the condemned while he or she dangles at the end of a rope. This was the first time in more than 50 years that the constitutionality of capital punishment was seriously contested in a Japanese trial, and lead defense lawyer Goto Sadato even persuaded Chief Judge Wada Makoto to allow testimony from two expert witnesses: Walter Rabl, the president of the Austrian Society of Forensic Medicine, who told the court that, based on his own extensive studies, hangings are frequently botched; and Tsuchimoto Takeshi, a retired prosecutor who described what it was like to watch a hanging in the 1970s (?when looked at directly, the cruelty of hanging cannot be endured?). Goto also persuaded Judge Wada to ask the Ministry of Justice to disclose information about botched executions and the condition of corpses after they were removed from the rope, but the Ministry refused.¹⁵

The Osaka District Court ultimately ruled that with respect to judicial hanging, a certain amount of suffering ?must be tolerated? (kanju subeki). None of the events in Osaka received nearly the coverage of Kanae?s trial in Saitama. In the Osaka case, there was no online dating, there was no serial fraud, there was no sex, there was no black widow, and there was no one who wondered how ?someone so ugly? could do that. There was only the general question of whether Japan should continue to hang some offenders by the neck until they are dead, and the specific question of whether a mentally-ill man should be kicked off the planet in the same manner that Japan has employed since the Meiji period.¹⁶

George Orwell warned about those who would deprive us of information.¹⁷ With respect to capital punishment, the thoroughgoing secrecy of officials in Japan?s Ministry of Justice often seems Orwellian.¹⁸ Philip Brasor has pointed out that the Japanese world of capital punishment can also be a Huxleyan burlesque?and for this fine insight we should thank him.¹⁹ The most important matters of life and death are rarely the most entertaining.²⁰

David T. Johnson is Professor of Sociology at the University of Hawaii, co-author (with Franklin E. Zimring) of The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia (Oxford University Press, 2009), and co-editor of Law & Society Review. He is an Asia-Pacific Journal associate. He can be contacted via email.

Recommended citation: David T. Johnson, "Covering Capital Punishment: Murder Trials and the Media in Japan," The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 10, Issue 22, No 1, May 28, 2012.

Articles on related subjects

?Philip Brasor, Lay Judge System and the Kanae Kijima Trial

?David T. Johnson, War in a Season of Slow Revolution:?Defense Lawyers and Lay Judges in Japanese Criminal Justice

?Jeff Kingston, Justice on Trial: Japanese Prosecutors Under Fire

?David T. Johnson, Capital Punishment without Capital Trials in Japan?s Lay Judge System

?Lawrence Repeta, Transfer of Power at Japan?s Justice Ministry

?David T. Johnson and Franklin E. Zimring, Death Penalty Lessons from Asia

?David T. Johnson, Early Returns from Japan?s New Criminal Trials

?Mark Levin and Virginia Tice, Japan?s New Citizen Judges: How Secrecy Imperils Judicial Reform

Notes

¹ Philip Brasor, ?Lay Judge System and the Kanae Kijima Trial,? The Asia-Pacific Journal, May 28, 2012.

² For a translated interview of Hatoyama Kunio with commentary, see Michael H. Fox, ?Why I Support Executions,? Japan Focus, December 19 (originally published in Shukan Asahi on October 26, 2007); .

³Nempo - Shikei Haishi 2011: Shinsai to Shikei: Seimei o Mitsumenaosu (Tokyo: Impakuto, 2011), pp.216-219.

⁴ Franklin E. Zimring, The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.22.

⁵ In contrast, criminal sentencing for rape, sexual assault, attempted murder, infliction of injury resulting in death, and robbery resulting in injury has become more severe in the lay judge system than it was in the old system. See Asahi Shimbun, ?Seihanzai ni Kibishiku, Shikko Yuyo wa Zoka: Saibanin Seido 3nen,? May 14, 2012.

⁶ Nancy Benak, ?Death Penalty Trials a Painstaking Process,? Associated Press/CBS News, February 27, 2006.

⁷ Nadya Labi, ?A Man Against the Machine,? NYU Law School Magazine, Autumn 2007, p.13.

⁸Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972).

⁹ Carol Steiker, ?The Marshall Hypothesis Revisited,? Howard Law Journal, Vol. 52, No. 3 (2009), pp.525-555.

¹⁰ Mark Levin and Virginia Tice, ?Japan?s New Citizen Judges: How Secrecy Imperils Judicial Reform,? The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 19-6-09, May 9, 2009.

¹¹ On Japanese attitudes toward the lay judge system and criminal justice, see Matsumura Yoshiyuki et al, ?Saibanin Seido to Keiji Shiho ni tai suru Hitobito no Ishiki: 2011nen Dai2ha Chosa ni tsuite,? Hokkaido Law Review (Hokuho), Vol.62, No.4 (November 2011), pp.1-86.?

¹² David T. Johnson, ?War in a Season of Slow Revolution: Defense Lawyers and Lay Judges in Japanese Criminal Justice.? The Asia-Pacific Journal. Vol. 9, Issue 26, No. 2 (June 27, 2011).

¹³ Saeki Masahiko, ?Victim Participation in Criminal Trials in Japan,? International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, Vol. 38, Issue 4 (December 2010), pp.149-165; and Nils Christie, ?Victim Movements at a Crossroad,? paper presented at the 13^th International Symposium on Victimology, Tokiwa University, Japan, September 1, 2009.

¹⁴ David T. Johnson, ?Capital Punishment without Capital Trials in Japan?s Lay Judge System.? Asia Pacific Journal. Vol. 8, Issue 52 (December 27, 2010). Pp.1-38.

¹⁵ For an excellent two-part article on Takami?s trial in Osaka and the question of whether hanging is cruel in Japan, see Horikawa Keiko, ?Koshukei wa Zangyaku ka,? Sekai, No.825 (January 2012), pp.63-72, and No.827 (February 2012), pp.122-131.

¹⁶ In America, too, media coverage of capital punishment tends to present a distorted reality, by focusing disproportionately on crimes committed by minority offenders against vulnerable and ?worthy? victims. In this way, the public mandate for capital punishment is sustained by atypical crimes that conform to existing cultural templates about criminal threat and victimization. See Jeffrey Lin and Scott Phillips, ?Media Coverage of Capital Murder: Exceptions Sustain the Rule,? Justice Quarterly, 2012 (forthcoming); available here.

¹⁷ George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).

¹⁸ David T. Johnson, ?Where the State Kills in Secret: Capital Punishment in Japan.? Punishment &Society, Vol.8, No.3 (July 2006), pp.251-285 [translated into Japanese by Kikuta Koichi, as ?Hisoka ni Hito o Korosu Kokka,? in Jiyu to Seigi, Vol.58, No.9 (September 2007), pp.111-127, and Vol.58, No.10 (October 2007), pp.91-108].

¹⁹ Aldous Huxley, Brave New World (1932).

²⁰ The epigraph which opens this article first appeared in Neil Postman?s prescient book, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (Penguin Books, 1985), pp.vii, 155.

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Judgment day for Philippines' chief justice

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3 Disease Cures Hiding in Your Supermarket | Health X Pert Articles ...

We are pumped to share one of our favorite stories from Prevention here on FitSugar! Yup! You can demolish these diseases with your diet. By Molly Raisch, Prevention Here?s one thing to add to your grocery list: disease-fighting foods. A growing body of research shows that you can squash certain symptoms with what you eat. In fact, eating the right foods may be just what the doctor ordered for these ailments: Dry Eye ? If you suffer from dry eye (you know, that annoying gritty feeling when you blink), then relief may be found in a simple cup of joe, according to researchers from the University of Tokyo?s School of Medicine. Study participants were given either a caffeine supplement or a placebo, and they then had their eyes tested 45 minutes later. The results? Not a dry eye in the house for those who?d had caffeine: they produced more tears than their noncaffeinated counterparts. This could be especially good news for women, as dry eye tends to affect postmenopausal women more than any other group. ? 7 Diseases That Strike Younger Than You Think Learn more food cures after the break!

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3 Disease Cures Hiding in Your Supermarket

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LG celebrates three million LTE phones sold worldwide, shockingly finds high speed data is awesome

LG has hitched its mobile fate to the future of LTE high speed data equipped phones basically since the technology was introduced and today it announced the fruits of its labor: three million LTE phones sold to date worldwide. While some will quibble over shipped / sold to end-user counting methods, or how this compares to figures recently touted by competition like Samsung and Apple, we need only look at LG's most recent earnings report to see the positive impact its LTE-infused lineup has had. According to LG, most of the gains have been in South Korea and North America so far, although it plans to have LTE phones in 20 countries by the end of the year. After kicking off the LTE frenzy with the Revolution last year on Verizon, it's talking up the combination of LTE and HD LCD screen features in its Optimus LTE phone, already a million seller in Korea just as its successor, the Optimus LTE II arrives on shelves.

LG celebrates three million LTE phones sold worldwide, shockingly finds high speed data is awesome originally appeared on Engadget on Sat, 26 May 2012 23:45:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Ayurveda Provides Pain-Free Therapy For Fistula Permanent Cure

?

Fistula and their symptoms

The anal fistula is termed as a pipe like structure in the perennial area and having one or sometimes more external opening in the anus part and internal opening in mucosa area of anal canal. This is mainly caused due to the infection in the tissue that is around the anal part. Infection is caused due to the bacteria in the rectum area.

The person affected by this disorder can notice small boils around the anus opening. Sometimes, blood will be oozing out of the boils due to pus formation. When one boil disappears another boil appears on the skin immediately.

Problems caused due to fistula

? Diverticulitis

? Rectal cancer

? Tuberculosis

? Inflammatory bowel disease

? Steroid therapy

? HIV infection?

Ayurveda and fistula

Ayurveda therapy is a very popular fistula permanent cure techniques.

Anal fistula is considered as one of the painful diseases and it creates lots of trouble to the affected person. Ayurvedic fistula treatment is done using various methods and healing techniques to cure the affected person without any pain or blood.

In ayurveda, fistula is known as ?Bhagandara?. The method of treatment according to this type of fistula varies and some of the common therapies are Kshar Sutra and Enema therapy.

Kshar Sutra

Fistula permanent cure is guaranteed through the treatment of Kshar Sutra. In this type of treatment, the affected person will not suffer from much pain when operated. The affected part is cut and it will take some time to heal the wound in the patient.

The healing process for the affected part starts from the inner tissue and then moves on to the outer area. Even though it takes time to heal, it is considered as one of the best method to treat this disease. The operative method does not require any hospital rest and the affected person can carry on with their routine work.

Enema Therapy

This method is also used sometimes in the treatment of fistula. In this process the affected person is asked to take hot bath. The hot water acts as a caustic agent and kills the affected tissues. On the whole, these problems occur due to changes in lifestyle and food we intake.

Benefits of therapy

? It is performed with minimal anaesthesia or sometimes without it.

? The process of treating the disease last up to 5 hours.

? Fistula permanent cure is assured through this method.

? Just a small scar is left behind after the treatment.

? Pain free therapy and just 12 hours rest is needed by the patient.

Precautions and Care to be taken after the Therapy

? Drink lots of water, at least 8 glasses of water a day

? Take bath in warm water

? Eat food that is rich in fibre content

? Always use clean tissue or cloth to wipe around the anus part to remove the fluids

? Use cream suggested by the physician to spread around the irritated tissue

?

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Donald in charge after Morrison meltdown at Wentworth

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Chapman takes 5-stroke lead at Senior PGA

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Jordin Sparks Weight Loss: Health for all times

Posted by gre02e86po2a on 8 hours ago

Conditioning is recently on the list of most popular procedures of bodily training, possessing now the many rights to assert the standing of mass sport. The word comes from English and it crossed above all linguistic limitations, getting translated as ?physical shape?, ?physical state?, ?general physical training?, ?health state?, etc.

Deriving from women overall body constructing, which was dropping its popularity, health has lately come to be an official activity. For a effectiveness sports activity, physical fitness calls for unique native features, like any other competitional sports activity. One of the most essential features are: a well balanced bone construction, ectomorf or mesomorf somatic sort, expertise, pace. For anyone a lot less familiarized with contests on this sports activity, we mention that in gals competitiveness you?ll find a few events: evening dress, swimming go well with plus a flooring gymnastics course.

Coming back again to mass health, we have to specify that, to some great extent, its acceptance is due to its accessibility. At first, the techniques employed in health ended up largely adopted from physique developing, but then they started to differentiate progressively more from people of the other sports activities. As a result, we now have a very precise process in health and fitness, with a wonderful range of exercise routines.

Another benefit of conditioning is the fact the training plans is often customized based on the choices and targets of every individual. On the other hand, there?s a constant in many of the programs, and that?s the well balanced improvement of a minimum of three movement parameters: energy, resistance and mobility ? physical features which are closely connected to the health and fitness state that physical fitness includes. This specification is necessary, for the reason that it would make the real difference in the doping conditions (in these conditions, the sportsman?s bodily shape can be excellent, while his well being state is unquestionably not).

The coaching systems consist of an exceedingly assorted space of aerobic and anaerobic work outs. The software programs could be taken it doesn?t matter of age, assuming that they can be accomplished below capable supervision and therefore are perfectly assimilated. It is really doable and it truly is even a good idea to change the schooling systems every once in awhile as a way to keep away from routine and revive participants? interest. The diet plan as well as program of relaxation and recovery are quite essential. Sport dietetics has developed significantly these days and it is now specialized according to distinct sports, so health has its very own dietary recommendations, intended to maintain physical effort and recovery immediately after instruction.

In conditioning, bodily workout is, up to a certain degree, a method of peace by itself. However, there are actually also other strategies of recovery, like sauna, therapeutic massage, reflexology, hydrotherapy, and many others.

In addition to the obvious advantages which the physique has from physical fitness, the psychological results from the schooling systems are outstanding and this sort of physical workout can even have a prophylactic purpose in melancholy and psychological instability.

Each of the advantages of standard follow of fitness is often very best understood only in the course of months and decades of uninterrupted physical exercise, when each new program supports the conviction that it can be extremely necessary to coach each and every day.

Jordin Sparks Weight Loss

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Analysis: Property taxes give NY Westchester edge over peers

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Westchester County has the lowest median household income of the four wealthy New York counties near New York City, but it alone has bragging rights to something that would be the envy of any municipality in these times of fiscal trouble: a top AAA credit rating.

One secret lies in Westchester's higher and steadier stream of property taxes, analysts say.

Rockland County, which lies north of New York City and has a population just one third that of Westchester, and larger Nassau and Suffolk, which lie east of Manhattan on Long Island, depend more on sales taxes.

Sales taxes are a more volatile source of revenues that, compounded over the years with bad management, have pushed down cash reserves and credit ratings.

Although all four counties, whose household incomes and housing values easily exceed national averages, rely heavily on Wall Street as their economic engine, their fortunes have diverged markedly

All four were badly hit by the financial crisis, and after the recession all four counties elected new leaders, who say their predecessors overspent and over-taxed.

But Westchester boasts reserves of $110 million in fiscal 2012, markedly down from a record high of $177 million in 2006, but it still claims a top-tier credit rating because of its healthier finances.

On the other hand, Rockland faces a $21 million budget hole, while Suffolk's 2012 reserves are expected to fall to $51 million from $123 million 2007. And Nassau, whose finances were placed under state oversight in 2000, claims $92 million of reserves but has a $50 million budget deficit.

All of the counties are struggling with the steadily rising costs for payrolls, pensions and healthcare, but the heavier reliance of Rockland, Suffolk and Nassau on sales taxes poses a risk.

"Historically, sales taxes tend to be more volatile or correlate with the economy more than property taxes do - whether you buy another pair of shoes, that depends on your employment prospects and your earnings," said Guy Davidson, director of municipal bonds at AllianceBernstein.

For Westchester, the strength of its property tax base is not just because it has the highest median home prices - $543,4100 as of the fourth quarter of 2011, according to Moody's Analytics - but also has because of a structure that protects that revenue stream in a way that differs markedly from the three other counties, which are struggling with large deficits and possible credit downgrades.

Westchester does not repay cities, towns and school districts if they over-collect from home owners and from businesses who successfully challenge assessments.

"We are the only county in the state where the municipalities guarantee full payment of the levy," said Britta Vander Linden, a spokeswoman for County Executive Rob Astorino, a Republican.

The structure strengthens Westchester's credit but pressures its localities because they bear the burdens and costs of pursuing delinquent taxpayers, credit analysts said.

Nassau's handling of property taxes is the complete opposite of Westchester's. It pays refunds to homeowners and business owners who have been overcharged on property taxes.

"Westchester is the flip side of Nassau; where Nassau has to make whole all the underlying jurisdictions. Westchester...is guaranteed 100 percent of their money from the property tax," said Erin Daugherty, a municipal research analyst with AllianceBernstein in New York.

Nassau's much more generous approach is one reason its finances have been under pressure since 2000, when a state control board was created to prevent a bankruptcy.

From 2002 to 2010, the county borrowed more than $1 billion to pay these tax refunds, according to Cristina Brennan, a spokeswoman for the Republican legislative majority.

Rockland and Suffolk also take on a greater burden than does Westchester, ensuring their localities get their full share of property tax revenue before collecting what they are owed.

"We make everyone else whole first," said Vanessa Baird-Streeter, a spokeswoman for Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone, a Democrat.

Stephen DeGroat, Rockland's commissioner of finance and budget, said, "We have the task of collecting all the delinquent taxes." Rockland hopes to partly fill its budget gap by laying off 150 workers, reviving a residential energy tax surcharge and raising motor vehicle fees. It also might ask the state to let it sell about $80 million of bonds to cure a string of structural deficits.

Nassau and Westchester do share a credit negative: their property taxes are among the nation's highest, something that can cause both residents and employers to move.

Jason Wilson, a branch manager for Julia B. Fee Sotheby's International Realty in Scarsdale, in Westchester County, noted that some people who live in the northern part of the county, where property taxes are high, are moving to the southern section, which has many more businesses that also pay property taxes, easing the burden on homeowners.

(Editing by Tiziana Barghini and Leslie Adler)

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porfirio - Custom Boat Decals and Graphics | Think On Your Lifestyle

Posted on 24. May, 2012 by Libby in Lifestyle, Sports & Recreation

Boats for recreation are a staple of summertime entertainment. If you own your own boat, there?s nothing better than customizing your water vehicle with custom decals and graphics. There?s nothing wrong with having a plain looking boat, but many boat owners want to take more pride in their vessel and may also want to show off to fellow boat enthusiasts on and off the water. (To learn more about this see?http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/ogp/Boat_Management_Guide.pdf)

There are many types of boat decals to choose from. The best way to get a unique look is to customize your own design. It is entirely up to you how you want the decal to look. You will be in charge of shape, size and color. If you want to do it yourself, you can get decals that are smaller and install them wherever you would like on your boat. You don?t have to just stick to the boat?s name either. You can create images and designs that can be placed all along the hull of the boat for an amazing appearance every time you go out on the water.

Custom boat graphics are also available in full wraps, similar to what they can put on cars. (For more information see http://www.boatnamesdirect.com) While this type of decal will have to be professionally installed, it will last make your boat stand out from the rest. Nothing about the design and look of a boat has to be standard. Boat owners have the freedom to get as create as they with custom decals and graphics. It just depends on where your imagination can take you.

Tags: boat, boat decals, boat graphics

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Help Save the Pets of Our Service Men and Women ? Kindness ...

Help Save the Pets of Our Service Men and?Women

PLEASE CLICK THE LINKS BELOW TO SIGN THE LETTERS! IT ONLY TAKES ONE MINUTE. THANK YOU!

Our service men and women fight bravely for our freedom overseas. Upon their return to this country, they should not have to fight to keep their family pets. In January 2009, the Bush administration issued a memorandum that prohibited a number of breeds of dogs, as well as any dog mixed with those breeds, from living on any Army installation in the country. Most Air Force and Navy installations prohibit dogs based on breed or appearance as well. Today, service men and women are being forced to give up their family pets or move to cost-prohibitive housing away from the military installation merely because of their pet?s appearance. Families are being torn apart because of this breed discriminatory policy.

Please follow the links below for a simple way to take action for our brave men and women and their pets.

Politics is not a spectator sport!

?

Thank you for taking action for the animals,
Ledy VanKavage

Senior Legislative Attorney

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College Graduates and Unemployment: A Teacher's Perspective

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Supplements are a healthy ingr?

Supplements are a healthy ingredient (including fruits and veggies) employed to feature one~!/~ohydrates health and fitness.

Water nutritional supplements are exactly the same element, but rather than having vegetables and fruit for vitamin supplements, these could be keep-got and support tvitaminsandsupplements.com/?>vitamins ns from vegatables and fruits. Another choice for taking vitamin products is within an all natural pill. The changeover of supplement products to fluid minerals and vitamins is to take location a lot more people are converting to liquefied vitamins and minerals.

For the reason that the liquid minerals and vitamins have much better consumption costs than supplement products, they work faster compared to the pills, but not actually better. Some businesses generate vitamin supplement products that are stuffed as well densely, producing users not to digest all the vitamins inside the capsule. Other water mineral and vitamin providers create waters with their vitamin and mineral, creating customers to fork out far more compared worthy of, rather than receive the full degree of nutritional vitamins needed.

Liquefied vitamin supplements have these characteristics that supplement products have:

1. Will give you greater wellness. Vitamin supplements are important so as to stay wholesomely in order to be very glad. Observe: Only a few supplements can be used in any respect age ranges.

2. Greatly enhance durability and immunity process. Having fruits and veggies have these results, however it?s declared vegetables at present don?t have just as much nutritional vitamins as they quite simply have inside 1800~!Or~azines.

3. Provide additional vitality meant for sports and endurance. Some athletes require more supplements than workers in offices since they require more energy to relax and play their sport activity. Water nutritional vitamins are frequently desired.

4. Supply extra strength for missed-day personnel. You can find many job opportunities on the market, plus some jobs past or get started extremely delayed. Supplements provide you with the power essential for that day and the next time.

5. Support treatment ingesting disorders. Taking in issues arise because of the absence of natural vitamins. Taking water health supplements or supplements drugs enable treat them.

There are, having said that, some features that water nutritional vitamins obtain supplement tablets will not:

1. Benefits are seen quicker. Although supplements capsules create benefits in few months, water nutritional vitamins can make the exact same results in a week or two. This is an benefits of those who have to have nutritional vitamins straight away.

2. Effects could be optimized. Some liquid vitamin and mineral businesses create vitamins with optimized consequences which can be delivered to our body solar cells and so are rich in protein.

3. Simpler to carry. Supplements supplements expect you to soda the tablet and take. Fluid health supplements are water, so a person necessary to plod through any swallowing of supplements.

4. Far better in flavor. Most liquefied health supplements be more effective in tastes than vitamin supplement tablets, and when the supplements need to stop a sickness, it really is simpler to temporarily relieve the person into utilizing the natural vitamins.

The liquid health supplements are often greater than supplements products, though the fluid natural vitamins have a very greater an opportunity to be scam (i.age. including water to active fluid), making it your decision to consider probability or perhaps not.

Tags: vitamins and minerals, health supplement, natural vitamins

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Health Net Foundation Providing $175000 in ... - Health and Fitness

LOS ANGELES, May 24, 2012 (BUSINESS WIRE) ?
The Health Net Foundation, a subsidiary of Health
Net, Inc., is providing $175,000 in grants to 12 California
school-based health centers and community medical clinics to further
their efforts in helping prevent childhood and adult dental problems.

?Dental care has medical consequences,? said Patricia Clarey, president
of the Health Net Foundation. ?These grants are intended to enhance the
dental care experience, improve access to dental services and provide
dental health education for special needs populations like adults with
diabetes, pregnant women and children up to age 3.?

?The importance of the programs these grants will support is clear,?
said Sean O?Brien, director of Dental Operations for Health Net of
California, Inc. ?Poor oral health has been linked to heart and lung
disease, diabetes, stroke, extremely high birth weight and premature
births, and we are hoping the efforts of these health centers and
clinics will help prevent those outcomes.?

The Recipients

The Health Net Foundation grants are being provided to the following
clinics and centers across California:

Los Angeles County:

Eisner Pediatric and Family Medical Center

Kids? Community Dental Clinic

St. John?s Well Child and Family Center

QueensCare Family Clinics

Universal Care Dental Group

Northeast Valley Health Corporation

San Diego County:

La Maestra Family Clinic

San Ysidro Health Center

Sacramento County:

The Effort

Merced County:

Golden Valley Health Centers

Inland Empire:

Community Health Systems

San Joaquin Valley:

United Health Centers of San Joaquin Valley

Dental Health Tips

To combat oral health problems, Health Net offers these tips:

?
Brush your teeth at least two times daily: after breakfast and before
bedtime. Another good time is after eating snacks.

?
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Brush the top
and side surfaces of your teeth. Make sure to also brush at the
gumline to get rid of plaque.

?
Get a new toothbrush every three months. An old toothbrush will not
clean your teeth thoroughly.

?
Floss at least once per day to help remove plaque from between the
teeth and gumline.

?
See your dentist at least twice a year to get your teeth checked and
cleaned.

?
Go to your dentist right away if you have any pain or notice a bad
flavor in your mouth when you?re not eating.

?
Cut down on foods and drinks high in acid, such as soda. High acid can
erode the outer surface of your teeth.

?
Don?t smoke. It stains your teeth, causes bad breath and increases
your risk of getting tooth disease and oral cancer.

Medical Advice Disclaimer

The information provided is not intended as medical advice or as a
substitute for professional medical care. Always seek the advice of your
physician or other health provider for any questions you may have
regarding your medical condition and follow your health care provider?s
instructions.

About Health Net

Health Net, Inc. is a publicly traded managed care organization that
delivers managed health care services through health plans and
government-sponsored managed care plans. Its mission is to help people
be healthy, secure and comfortable. Health Net, through its
subsidiaries, provides and administers health benefits to approximately
5.6 million individuals across the country through group, individual,
Medicare (including the Medicare prescription drug benefit commonly
referred to as ?Part D?), Medicaid, U.S. Department of Defense,
including TRICARE, and Veterans Affairs programs. Health Net?s
behavioral health services subsidiary, Managed Health Network, Inc.,
provides behavioral health, substance abuse and employee assistance
programs to approximately 4.9 million individuals, including Health
Net?s own health plan members. Health Net?s subsidiaries also offer
managed health care products related to prescription drugs, and offer
managed health care product coordination for multi-region employers and
administrative services for medical groups and self-funded benefits
programs.

For more information on Health Net, Inc., please visit Health Net?s
website at
www.healthnet.com .

Cautionary Statements

Health Net, Inc. and its representatives may from time to time make
written and oral forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (?PSLRA?) of 1995, including
statements in this and other press releases, in presentations, filings
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (?SEC?), reports to
stockholders and in meetings with investors and analysts. All statements
in this press release, other than statements of historical information
provided herein, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements and as
such are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for ?forward-looking
statements? provided by PSLRA. These statements are based on
management?s analysis, judgment, belief and expectation only as of the
date hereof, and are subject to changes in circumstances and a number of
risks and uncertainties. Without limiting the foregoing, the guidance as
to expected future period results and statements including the words
?believes,? ?anticipates,? ?plans,? ?expects,? ?may,? ?should,? ?could,?
?estimate,? ?intend,? ?feels,? ?will,? ?projects? and other similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Actual
results could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or
projected by the forward-looking information and statements due to,
among other things, health care reform and other increased government
participation in and regulation of health benefits and managed care
operations, including the ultimate impact of the Affordable Care Act,
which could materially adversely affect Health Net?s financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows through, among other
things, reduced revenues, new taxes, expanded liability, and increased
costs (including medical, administrative, technology or other costs), or
require changes to the ways in which Health Net does business; rising
health care costs; continued slow economic growth or a further decline
in the economy; negative prior period claims reserve developments;
trends in medical care ratios; membership declines; unexpected
utilization patterns or unexpectedly severe or widespread illnesses;
rate cuts and other risks and uncertainties affecting Health Net?s
Medicare or Medicaid businesses; Health Net?s ability to successfully
participate in the dual-eligibles pilot programs; litigation costs;
regulatory issues with federal and state agencies including, but not
limited to, the California Department of Managed Health Care, the
Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, the Office of Civil Rights of
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state departments
of insurance; operational issues; failure to effectively oversee our
third-party vendors; noncompliance by Health Net or Health Net?s
business associates with any privacy laws or any security breach
involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized use or
disclosure of confidential information; any liabilities of the Northeast
business that were incurred prior to the closing of its sale as well as
those liabilities incurred through the winding-up and running-out period
of the Northeast business; investment portfolio impairment charges;
volatility in the financial markets; and general business and market
conditions. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements
include, but are not limited to, the risks discussed in the ?Risk
Factors? section included within Health Net?s most recent Annual Report
on Form 10-K and subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the
SEC, and the risks discussed in Health Net?s other filings with the SEC.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these
forward-looking statements. Except as may be required by law, Health Net
undertakes no obligation to address or publicly update any of its
forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise
after the date of this release.

SOURCE: The Health Net Foundation

          Health Net Foundation         Brad Kieffer         (818) 676-6833         brad.kieffer@healthnet.com         twitter.com/hn_bradkieffer 

Copyright Business Wire 2012

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New clues about cancer cell metabolism emerge

Public release date: 24-May-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Nicole Davis
ndavis@broadinstitute.org
617-714-7152
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Amino acid consumption associated with how fast cancer cells divide

For almost a century, researchers have known that cancer cells have peculiar appetites, devouring glucose in ways that normal cells do not. But glucose uptake may tell only part of cancer's metabolic story. Researchers from the Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital looked across 60 well-studied cancer cell lines, analyzing which of more than 200 metabolites were consumed or released by the fastest dividing cells. Their research yields the first large-scale atlas of cancer metabolism and points to a key role for the smallest amino acid, glycine, in cancer cell proliferation. Their results appear in the May 25 issue of the journal Science.

"There's growing interest in the role of metabolism in cancer, but studies to date have focused on one or two very specific pathways," said senior author Vamsi Mootha, co-director of the Broad Institute's Metabolism Program and a professor at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. "We took an unbiased approach, looking at all of metabolism, and the glycine pathway emerged."

Mootha and his colleagues developed a technique known as CORE (COnsumption and RElease) profiling, which allowed them to measure the flux of metabolites the precursors and products of chemical reactions taking place in the body. Most of the time, when researchers measure metabolites, they are taking a snapshot of metabolite levels at a certain point in time. But, just as taking a photo of a highway will not reveal how fast traffic is moving, such measurements do not show which metabolites cells are rapidly consuming or expelling.

"Using CORE, we can quantitatively determine exactly how much of every metabolite is being consumed or released on a per-cell, per-hour basis," said co-first author Mohit Jain, a postdoctoral fellow in the Mootha laboratory. "We can now start to derive flux or transport of nutrients into or out of the cell."

The team applied CORE profiling to the NCI-60, a collection of 60 cancer cell lines that have been studied by the scientific community for many decades. Data about drug sensitivity, the activity of genes and proteins, rates of cell division, and much more are publicly available for these cell lines, which represent nine tumor types. The team's compendium of information about metabolites has also been made publicly available.

One of the most striking results of the new data is how the pattern of glycine consumption relates to the speed of cancer-cell division. In the slowest dividing cells, small amounts of glyine are released into the culture media. But in cancer cells that are rapidly dividing, glycine is rapaciously consumed. The researchers note that very few metabolites have this unusual pattern of "crossing the zero line," meaning that rapidly dividing cancer cells consume the metabolite while slowly dividing cells actually release it.

"The metabolic activities that enable cancer cells to proliferate quickly or slowly are poorly understood," said Jain. "But across these 60 cell lines, we clearly see this association between how fast cells are dividing and how much glycine they are taking up."

"The CORE method is a kind of screening effort," said co-first author Roland Nilsson, who completed his postdoctoral work in the Mootha laboratory and is now at the Karolinska Institute. "It's a way of searching for metabolic activities that might be interesting. You can take those and proceed to other experiments to validate."

In addition to looking for metabolites that correlated with rates of cell division, the team also looked at the expression of almost 1,500 metabolic enzymes. Enzymes required for biosynthesis of glycine within the mitochondria were among the most highly correlated.

"We have two independent methods metabolite profiling as well as gene expression profiling both of which point to glycine metabolism as being important for rate of proliferation," said Mootha.

To further validate and understand these results, the team observed what happened when the cancer cells were deprived of glycine, both by removing it from the media and by blocking the enzymes involved in glycine metabolism. In both cases, the fast dividing cancer cells slowed down, but the slower growing cancer cells were unaffected.

A limitation of observing such effects in cancer cells grown in the laboratory is that such cells may behave differently in the human body. One way the researchers followed up this work was to look at data available from studies of breast cancer patients over the last 25 years, searching for potential patterns between survival and the levels of enzymes involved in glycine metabolism. They found that higher levels of these enzymes predicted poorer outcomes for patients.

The researchers envision many future directions for this work, including applying CORE profiling more broadly.

"This method offers a way of getting a quick overview of a particular cell type or tissue, allowing you to see what a cell requires to survive or grow," said Nilsson. "We're interested in applying this in other settings, to liver cells and muscle tissue and to study conditions such as diabetes. There are lots of potential applications."

###

Funding for this work came from the National Institutes of Health and the Nestle Research Center. Other researchers who contributed to this work include Sonia Sharma, Nikhil Madhusudhan, Toshimori Kitami, Amanda Souza, Ran Kafri, Marc Kirschner, and Clary Clish.

Paper cited: Jain M, et al., Metabolite Profiling Identifies a Key Role for Glycine in Rapid Cancer Cell Proliferation, Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1218595

About the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT

The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT was launched in 2004 to empower this generation of creative scientists to transform medicine. The Broad Institute seeks to describe all the molecular components of life and their connections; discover the molecular basis of major human diseases; develop effective new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics; and disseminate discoveries, tools, methods and data openly to the entire scientific community.

Founded by MIT, Harvard and its affiliated hospitals, and the visionary Los Angeles philanthropists Eli and Edythe L. Broad, the Broad Institute includes faculty, professional staff and students from throughout the MIT and Harvard biomedical research communities and beyond, with collaborations spanning over a hundred private and public institutions in more than 40 countries worldwide. For further information about the Broad Institute, go to http://www.broadinstitute.org.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 24-May-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Nicole Davis
ndavis@broadinstitute.org
617-714-7152
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Amino acid consumption associated with how fast cancer cells divide

For almost a century, researchers have known that cancer cells have peculiar appetites, devouring glucose in ways that normal cells do not. But glucose uptake may tell only part of cancer's metabolic story. Researchers from the Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital looked across 60 well-studied cancer cell lines, analyzing which of more than 200 metabolites were consumed or released by the fastest dividing cells. Their research yields the first large-scale atlas of cancer metabolism and points to a key role for the smallest amino acid, glycine, in cancer cell proliferation. Their results appear in the May 25 issue of the journal Science.

"There's growing interest in the role of metabolism in cancer, but studies to date have focused on one or two very specific pathways," said senior author Vamsi Mootha, co-director of the Broad Institute's Metabolism Program and a professor at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. "We took an unbiased approach, looking at all of metabolism, and the glycine pathway emerged."

Mootha and his colleagues developed a technique known as CORE (COnsumption and RElease) profiling, which allowed them to measure the flux of metabolites the precursors and products of chemical reactions taking place in the body. Most of the time, when researchers measure metabolites, they are taking a snapshot of metabolite levels at a certain point in time. But, just as taking a photo of a highway will not reveal how fast traffic is moving, such measurements do not show which metabolites cells are rapidly consuming or expelling.

"Using CORE, we can quantitatively determine exactly how much of every metabolite is being consumed or released on a per-cell, per-hour basis," said co-first author Mohit Jain, a postdoctoral fellow in the Mootha laboratory. "We can now start to derive flux or transport of nutrients into or out of the cell."

The team applied CORE profiling to the NCI-60, a collection of 60 cancer cell lines that have been studied by the scientific community for many decades. Data about drug sensitivity, the activity of genes and proteins, rates of cell division, and much more are publicly available for these cell lines, which represent nine tumor types. The team's compendium of information about metabolites has also been made publicly available.

One of the most striking results of the new data is how the pattern of glycine consumption relates to the speed of cancer-cell division. In the slowest dividing cells, small amounts of glyine are released into the culture media. But in cancer cells that are rapidly dividing, glycine is rapaciously consumed. The researchers note that very few metabolites have this unusual pattern of "crossing the zero line," meaning that rapidly dividing cancer cells consume the metabolite while slowly dividing cells actually release it.

"The metabolic activities that enable cancer cells to proliferate quickly or slowly are poorly understood," said Jain. "But across these 60 cell lines, we clearly see this association between how fast cells are dividing and how much glycine they are taking up."

"The CORE method is a kind of screening effort," said co-first author Roland Nilsson, who completed his postdoctoral work in the Mootha laboratory and is now at the Karolinska Institute. "It's a way of searching for metabolic activities that might be interesting. You can take those and proceed to other experiments to validate."

In addition to looking for metabolites that correlated with rates of cell division, the team also looked at the expression of almost 1,500 metabolic enzymes. Enzymes required for biosynthesis of glycine within the mitochondria were among the most highly correlated.

"We have two independent methods metabolite profiling as well as gene expression profiling both of which point to glycine metabolism as being important for rate of proliferation," said Mootha.

To further validate and understand these results, the team observed what happened when the cancer cells were deprived of glycine, both by removing it from the media and by blocking the enzymes involved in glycine metabolism. In both cases, the fast dividing cancer cells slowed down, but the slower growing cancer cells were unaffected.

A limitation of observing such effects in cancer cells grown in the laboratory is that such cells may behave differently in the human body. One way the researchers followed up this work was to look at data available from studies of breast cancer patients over the last 25 years, searching for potential patterns between survival and the levels of enzymes involved in glycine metabolism. They found that higher levels of these enzymes predicted poorer outcomes for patients.

The researchers envision many future directions for this work, including applying CORE profiling more broadly.

"This method offers a way of getting a quick overview of a particular cell type or tissue, allowing you to see what a cell requires to survive or grow," said Nilsson. "We're interested in applying this in other settings, to liver cells and muscle tissue and to study conditions such as diabetes. There are lots of potential applications."

###

Funding for this work came from the National Institutes of Health and the Nestle Research Center. Other researchers who contributed to this work include Sonia Sharma, Nikhil Madhusudhan, Toshimori Kitami, Amanda Souza, Ran Kafri, Marc Kirschner, and Clary Clish.

Paper cited: Jain M, et al., Metabolite Profiling Identifies a Key Role for Glycine in Rapid Cancer Cell Proliferation, Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1218595

About the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT

The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT was launched in 2004 to empower this generation of creative scientists to transform medicine. The Broad Institute seeks to describe all the molecular components of life and their connections; discover the molecular basis of major human diseases; develop effective new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics; and disseminate discoveries, tools, methods and data openly to the entire scientific community.

Founded by MIT, Harvard and its affiliated hospitals, and the visionary Los Angeles philanthropists Eli and Edythe L. Broad, the Broad Institute includes faculty, professional staff and students from throughout the MIT and Harvard biomedical research communities and beyond, with collaborations spanning over a hundred private and public institutions in more than 40 countries worldwide. For further information about the Broad Institute, go to http://www.broadinstitute.org.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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